Once a specific resource has been identified as critical, considerably greater information is needed on the way it is used, before recommending or implementing strategies for its sustainable management. For this purpose, a Resource Utilization Map (RUM) is necessary (see Figure below). Quantitative data in an RUM are essential for taking any relevant action to optimize the use of a resource; particularly, to plan for the optimal use of scarce resources—be it energy, water, land or forest. The “resource” in an RUM is as defined by the user—it can be a material such as coal, or a service provided by a facility or even time.

For example, an RUM was prepared for water in the Indian city of Bangalore by the Resource Optimization Initiative (ROI) (see Figure below). This RUM highlights the large amount of un-accounted for water per day. This un-accounted for water includes water that leaks through pipes and stolen water that is not metered or paid for. This investigation also highlights the large amount of electricity that is used to pump water to the city by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB). Bangalore is at a considerable height (500 m) above its main surface water source, requiring approximately 5% of the entire municipal electricity demand for pumping, treating, and distributing water.