Resource Optimization Initiative
     
 
About Industrial Ecology
Concept
Diagnostic Tools
System View
Material Flow Analysis or Resource Flow Analysis (MFA or RFA)
Why the Name "Industrial Ecology"
A Short History of Industrial Ecology
Resource Utilization Map
The Kalundborg Example
Substance Flow Analysis
The Industrial Ecology Agenda
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Why Developing Countries
A Few Typical Strategy Options
How can these Concepts be used?
Who can benefit from Industrial Ecology
 
   
   
     
  The Kalundborg Example

A process of “Industrial Symbiosis”, which has evolved during the last three decades in the small city of Kalundborg, in Denmark, offers the best evidence that such an approach can be very practical and economically viable. Kalundborg, located 130 km west of Copenhagen, can be seen as a successful example of an industrial complex minimizing pollution and optimizing the use of various resources.

A few industries located there, including a power plant, a gypboard plant, a biotech unit, the fishing activity in the town and the town municipality developed a method of sharing each other's wastes to mutual advantage. The material flows in Kalundborg are shown in the figure. A discussion on Industrial Ecology is never complete without a reference to Kalundborg
 
 

 
   
 
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